6 common drum programming mistakes (and how to fix them)

If you're not a drummer, but you don't want to rely on sampled loops and prefab MIDI files for all your acoustic drum kit tracks, at some point you're going to have to learn to program your own 'human' beats.

The basic principles of programming drums are quite straightforward compared to the knowledge required to program authentic guitar, brass or woodwind parts, say, from scratch. But, as with everything in music production, learning a new skill means getting your head around a new set of pitfalls. Here, we're going to show you what we consider to be six of the most frequent and glaring mistakes made by novice drum kit programmers.

Before we get started, perhaps the most important tip of all is this: if you want to stand any chance of achieving realism in your drum tracks, your sound source needs to be at least a decent multisampled drum kit sampler patch, if not a dedicated drum ROMpler like BFD, Superior Drummer, Addictive Drums or - as we're using here - EZdrummer 2. You won't get anywhere just throwing single kick, snare and hi-hat samples into a Live Drum Rack and having at it, so save yourself an unnecessary stage of the learning curve and invest in some quality virtual tubs before you go any further.

Click through the gallery, then, for six deadly drum programming landmines and tactics for sidestepping them. For more drum programming tutorials, check out Computer Music magazine's monthly Dr Beat column.

Perfect quantisation can be just as damaging to the groove as no quantisation. Moving notes nearer to the grid by hand is a good tactic, as is an iterative quantise function, if your DAW has one.

Check out the audio demos to hear the difference between different quantisation levels.

Raw drums

100% quantise

70% quantise

One of the biggest giveaways of bad programming is when every note is at maximum (or the same) velocity. This applies less to a kick and snare beat, but hi-hat lines are crucial to vary.

Here, we're lowering each offbeat note a little - using any other articulations your sound source has can also help with this.

Dynamic hi-hats

Articulated hi-hats

Backbeat snares can be safely programmed at max velocity every time, but letting them sound identical is a no-no.

If your sound source offers round robin samples, making each successive hit sound different, use them. Otherwise, throw in a rimshot hit every now and then.

Snare variation and ghost notes

Similarly, when programming fills consisting of rapidly repeated hits, always use separate left and right hand samples if your source has them, or drop velocities at every other note to emulate a drummer’s natural left- or right-hand emphasis.

Machine gun fill

Dynamic fill

Having your virtual drummer hit more than two things with their hands at the same time is, obviously, completely wrong.

Try and mime your programmed parts with your hands and feet (slowly) to ensure that they’re physically feasible. The above overenthusiastic drum fill gets up to five hands on the go at some points!

Impossible fill

Realistic fill

Crash cymbals always sound a bit rubbish struck in isolation, so a real drummer would never use them on their own to make an impact.

Generally speaking, crashes should always be stacked on top of kick, snare or tom hits.

Crash with kick

Crash with kick and snare